I keep making this mistake: bash sqlite-utils add-column content.db assets _since int ``` Usage: sqlite-utils add-column [OPTIONS] PATH TABLE COL_NAME [[integer|float|b lob|text|INTEGER|FLOAT|BLOB|TEXT]] Try 'sqlite-utils add-column -h' for help.

Error: Invalid value for '[[integer|float|blob|text|INTEGER|FLOAT|BLOB|TEXT]]': 'int' is not one of 'integer', 'float', 'blob', 'text', 'INTEGER', 'FLOAT', 'BLOB', 'TEXT'. ```

The issue is that underlying iterator is not fully consumed within the body of the with file_progress() block. Instead, that block creates generator expressions like docs = (dict(zip(headers, row)) for row in reader)

These iterables are consumed later, outside the with file_progress() block, which consumes the underlying iterator, and in turn updates the progress bar.

This means that the ProgressBar.__exit__ method gets called before the last time the ProgressBar.update method gets called. The result is that the code to make the cursor invisible (inside the update() method) is called after the cleanup code to make it visible (in the __exit__ method).

The fix is to move consumption of the docs iterators within the progress bar block. (

(An additional fix, to make ProgressBar more robust against this kind of misuse, would to make it refusing to update after its __exit__ method had been called, just like files cannot be read() after they are closed. That requires a in the click library).

Note that Github diff obscures the simplicity of this diff, it's just indenting a block of code.

:books: Documentation preview :books:: https://sqlite-utils--598.org.readthedocs.build/en/598/

Given this schema: sql CREATE TABLE departments ( campus_name TEXT NOT NULL, dept_code TEXT NOT NULL, dept_name TEXT, PRIMARY KEY (campus_name, dept_code) ); CREATE TABLE courses ( course_code TEXT PRIMARY KEY, course_name TEXT, campus_name TEXT NOT NULL, dept_code TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (campus_name, dept_code) REFERENCES departments(campus_name, dept_code) ); The output of db["courses"].foreign_keys right now is: [ForeignKey(table='courses', column='campus_name', other_table='departments', other_column='campus_name'), ForeignKey(table='courses', column='dept_code', other_table='departments', other_column='dept_code')] Which suggests two normal foreign keys, not one compound foreign key.

Currently the changelog starts at 0.4:

https://sqlite-utils.datasette.io/en/3.34/changelog.html#id115

I want the other releases - according to https://pypi.org/project/sqlite-utils/#history there are three missing:

Plugins affecting the CLI by default makes sense to me.

I'm less confident about them always affecting users of the Python API.

I'm going to have them apply by default, but I'm going to add a mechanism to opt-out on an individual database basis. Basically this:

```python from sqlite_utils import Database db = Database(memory=True, execute_plugins=False)

Anything using db from here on will not execute plugins

``` cc @asg017

Refs: - #567 - #574

Spotted this in the GitHub Actions logs:

Version 3.33

sqlite-utils query library.db 'select asin from audible' --fmt plain --no-headers | head -3 asin 0062804006 0062891421

It would be nice if the rows subcommand had a flag, perhaps called --transpose which would print in long form instead of wide. Similar to extended display mode in psql (\x)

In other words instead of this:

sqlite-utils rows --limit 5 --fmt github track_metadata.db songs

| track_id | title | song_id | release | artist_id | artist_mbid | artist_name | duration | artist_familiarity | artist_hotttnesss | year | track_7digitalid | shs_perf | shs_work | |--------------------|-------------------|--------------------|--------------------------------------|--------------------|--------------------------------------|------------------|------------|----------------------|---------------------|--------|--------------------|------------|------------| | TRMMMYQ128F932D901 | Silent Night | SOQMMHC12AB0180CB8 | Monster Ballads X-Mas | ARYZTJS1187B98C555 | 357ff05d-848a-44cf-b608-cb34b5701ae5 | Faster Pussy cat | 252.055 | 0.649822 | 0.394032 | 2003 | 7032331 | -1 | 0 | | TRMMMKD128F425225D | Tanssi vaan | SOVFVAK12A8C1350D9 | Karkuteillä | ARMVN3U1187FB3A1EB | 8d7ef530-a6fd-4f8f-b2e2-74aec765e0f9 | Karkkiautomaatti | 156.551 | 0.439604 | 0.356992 | 1995 | 1514808 | -1 | 0 | | TRMMMRX128F93187D9 | No One Could Ever | SOGTUKN12AB017F4F1 | Butter | ARGEKB01187FB50750 | 3d403d44-36ce-465c-ad43-ae877e65adc4 | Hudson Mohawke | 138.971 | 0.643681 | 0.437504 | 2006 | 6945353 | -1 | 0 | | TRMMMCH128F425532C | Si Vos Querés | SOBNYVR12A8C13558C | De Culo | ARNWYLR1187B9B2F9C | 12be7648-7094-495f-90e6-df4189d68615 | Yerba Brava | 145.058 | 0.448501 | 0.372349 | 2003 | 2168257 | -1 | 0 | | TRMMMWA128F426B589 | Tangle Of Aspens | SOHSBXH12A8C13B0DF | Rene Ablaze Presents Winter Sessions | AREQDTE1269FB37231 | | Der Mystic | 514.298 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2264873 | -1 | 0 |

The output would look something like this:

$ for col in (sqlite-columns track_metadata.db songs) sqlite-utils --fmt github track_metadata.db "select $col from songs order by rowid desc limit 5" end

| track_id | |--------------------| | TRYYYVU12903CD01E3 | | TRYYYDJ128F9310A21 | | TRYYYMG128F4260ECA | | TRYYYJO128F426DA37 | | TRYYYUS12903CD2DF0 | | title | |-------------------------------------| | Fernweh feat. Sektion Kuchikäschtli | | Faraday | | Novemba | | Jago Chhadeo | | O Samba Da Vida | | song_id | |--------------------| | SOWXJXQ12AB0189F43 | | SOLXGOR12A81C21EB7 | | SOHODZI12A8C137BB3 | | SOXQYIQ12A8C137FBB | | SOTXAME12AB018F136 | | release | |---------------------------------| | So Oder So | | The Trance Collection Vol. 2 | | Dub_Connected: electronic music | | Naale Baba Lassi Pee Gya | | Pacha V.I.P. | | artist_id | |--------------------| | AR7PLM21187B990D08 | | ARCMCOK1187B9B1073 | | ARZ3R6M1187B9AF750 | | ART5FZD1187B9A7FCF | | AR7Z4J81187FB3FC59 | | artist_mbid | |--------------------------------------| | 3af2b07e-c91c-4160-9bda-f0b9e3144ed3 | | 4ac5f3de-c5ad-475e-ad50-41f1ef9dba20 | | 8b97e9c8-61f5-4615-9a96-276f24204e34 | | 2357c400-9109-42b6-b3fe-9e2d9f8e3872 | | 9d50cb20-7e42-45cc-b0dd-154c3e92a577 | | artist_name | |----------------| | Texta | | Elude | | Gabriel Le Mar | | Kuldeep Manak | | Kiko Navarro | | duration | |------------| | 295.079 | | 484.519 | | 553.038 | | 244.166 | | 217.443 | | artist_familiarity | |----------------------| | 0.552977 | | 0.403668 | | 0.556918 | | 0.4015 | | 0.528617 | | artist_hotttnesss | |---------------------| | 0.454869 | | 0.256935 | | 0.336914 | | 0.374866 | | 0.411595 | | year | |--------| | 2004 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | track_7digitalid | |--------------------| | 8486723 | | 5472456 | | 2219291 | | 1632096 | | 7522478 | | shs_perf | |------------| | -1 | | -1 | | -1 | | -1 | | -1 | | shs_work | |------------| | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 |

If you use INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column, the VACUUM does not change the values of that column. However, if you use unaliased rowid, the VACUUM command will reset the rowid values.

ROWID should never be used with foreign keys but the simple act of aliasing rowid to id (which is what happens when one does id integer primary key DDL) makes it OK.

It would be convenient if there were more options to use a string column (eg. filepath) as the PK, and be able to use it during upserts, but when creating a foreign key, to create an integer column which aliases rowid

I made an attempt to switch to integer primary keys here but it is not going well... In my usecase the path column is a business key. Yes, it should be as simple as including the id column in any select statement where I plan on using upsert but it would be nice if this could be abstracted away somehow https://github.com/chapmanjacobd/library/commit/788cd125be01d76f0fe2153335d9f6b21db1343c

https://github.com/chapmanjacobd/library/actions/runs/5173602136/jobs/9319024777

Refs: - #551

:books: Documentation preview :books:: https://sqlite-utils--553.org.readthedocs.build/en/553/

The "least common" section is frequently uninteresting, especially for huge tables with a large number of repeated-once values.

sqlite-utils analyze-tables content.db repos --common-limit 20 --no-least

Refs #544

• [x] Documentation for CLI options
• [x] Documentation for new Python API parameters: most_common: bool and least_common: bool
• [x] Tests for CLI
• [x] Tests for Python API

sqlite supports these, and it would be quite nice to be able to add them with sqlite-utils.

https://www.sqlite.org/foreignkeys.html#fk_actions

I am currently trying to import the JSON export of my data from Discord, specifically activity/reporting/events-*.json

sqlite-utils.exe insert test.db reporting events-2023-00000-of-00001.json [###################################-] 99% 00:00:00 Error: Invalid JSON - use --csv for CSV or --tsv for TSV files

Please show more information as to why this is invalid, if possible.

I am using version 3.30 with Python 3.10 on Windows 11.

This came up as a failure running tests for: - #531

Traceback on https://readthedocs.org/projects/sqlite-utils/builds/19749348/

``` File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/sqlite-utils/envs/531/lib/python3.8/site-packages/docutils/parsers/rst/states.py", line 889, in interpreted nodes, messages2 = role_fn(role, rawsource, text, lineno, self) File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/sqlite-utils/envs/531/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sphinx/ext/extlinks.py", line 103, in role title = caption % part TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting

Exception occurred: File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/sqlite-utils/envs/531/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sphinx/ext/extlinks.py", line 103, in role title = caption % part TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting ```

closes #507

https://dwheeler.com/essays/fixing-unix-linux-filenames.html

:books: Documentation preview :books:: https://sqlite-utils--508.org.readthedocs.build/en/508/

My understand is that INSERT OR IGNORE will ignore when inserts would cause duplicate keys so I'm not sure exactly why the error is raised from sqlite3.

``` import argparse from pathlib import Path

from xklb import db, utils from xklb.utils import log

def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace: parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("database") parser.add_argument("dbs", nargs="*") parser.add_argument("--upsert") parser.add_argument("--db", "-db", help=argparse.SUPPRESS) parser.add_argument("--verbose", "-v", action="count", default=0) args = parser.parse_args()

if args.db:
    args.database = args.db
Path(args.database).touch()
args.db = db.connect(args)
log.info(utils.dict_filter_bool(args.__dict__))

return args

def merge_db(args, source_db): source_db = str(Path(source_db).resolve())

s_db = db.connect(argparse.Namespace(database=source_db, verbose=args.verbose))
for table in [s for s in s_db.table_names() if not "_fts" in s and not s.startswith("sqlite_")]:
    log.info("[%s]: %s", source_db, table)
    with s_db.conn:
        data = s_db[table].rows

    with args.db.conn:
        if args.upsert:
            args.db[table].upsert_all(data, pk=args.upsert.split(","), alter=True)
        else:
            args.db[table].insert_all(data, alter=True, replace=True)

def merge_dbs(): args = parse_args() for s_db in args.dbs: merge_db(args, s_db)

if name == "main": merge_dbs()

```

``` $ lb-dev merge video.db tube_71.db --upsert path -vv SQL: INSERT OR IGNORE INTO media VALUES(?); - params: ['https://archive.org/details/088ghostofachanceroygetssackedrevengeofthelivinglunchdvdripxvidphz'] ... File ~/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sqlite_utils/db.py:3122, in Table.insert_all(self, records, pk, foreign_keys, column_order, not_null, defaults, batch_size, hash_id, hash_id_columns, alter, ignore, replace, truncate, extracts, conversions, columns, upsert, analyze) 3116 all_columns += [ 3117 column for column in record if column not in all_columns 3118 ] 3120 first = False -> 3122 self.insert_chunk( 3123 alter, 3124 extracts, 3125 chunk, 3126 all_columns, 3127 hash_id, 3128 hash_id_columns, 3129 upsert, 3130 pk, 3131 conversions, 3132 num_records_processed, 3133 replace, 3134 ignore, 3135 ) 3137 if analyze: 3138 self.analyze()

File ~/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sqlite_utils/db.py:2887, in Table.insert_chunk(self, alter, extracts, chunk, all_columns, hash_id, hash_id_columns, upsert, pk, conversions, num_records_processed, replace, ignore) 2885 for query, params in queries_and_params: 2886 try: -> 2887 result = self.db.execute(query, params) 2888 except OperationalError as e: 2889 if alter and (" column" in e.args[0]): 2890 # Attempt to add any missing columns, then try again

File ~/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sqlite_utils/db.py:484, in Database.execute(self, sql, parameters) 482 self._tracer(sql, parameters) 483 if parameters is not None: --> 484 return self.conn.execute(sql, parameters) 485 else: 486 return self.conn.execute(sql)

IntegrityError: constraint failed

/home/xk/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sqlite_utils/db.py(484)execute() 482 self._tracer(sql, parameters) 483 if parameters is not None: --> 484 return self.conn.execute(sql, parameters) 485 else: 486 return self.conn.execute(sql) ```

sqlite3 --version 3.36.0 2021-06-18 18:36:39

https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/pull/498

:books: Documentation preview :books:: https://sqlite-utils--499.org.readthedocs.build/en/499/

alternatively, self.disable_fts()

https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/compare/3.29...defa2974c6d3abc19be28d6b319649b8028dc966

I was wondering why my all my databases were giving wild search results. Turns out create_trigger was not sticking!

Running sqlite-utils triggers x.db shows [] after running enable-fts using the python api. Looking at the counts trigger it seems that is the right way to save triggers. triggers show up now

:books: Documentation preview :books:: https://sqlite-utils--498.org.readthedocs.build/en/498/

I'm using just a lot know, based on this file - I should add that to https://sqlite-utils.datasette.io/en/latest/contributing.html

https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/blob/afbd2b2cba45cccb305c3d4638d18db4dd3d4bbd/Justfile#L1-L24

With the addition of --functions in: - #471

In addition to the existing convert command, there are now very good reasons to want to install additional packages into the same virtual environment as sqlite-utils itself, to allow them to be used with those features.

This isn't easy if you installed the tool with pipx or brew install sqlite-utils.

Datasette solved this problem with the datasette install command:

• https://github.com/simonw/datasette/issues/925

sqlite-utils could benefit from the same idea.

When inserting rows via the library, is it possible to specify a foreign key to a compound primary key?

For example, suppose I create a table: db = Database('events.db') db['events'].insert_all([ {'venue': 'Times Square', 'date': '2022-12-31', 'title': 'Rockin New Year Eve'}, {'venue': 'Wembley Stadium', 'date': '2022-06-05', 'title': 'FA Cup'}, {'venue': 'Times Square', 'date': '2021-12-31', 'title': 'Rockin New Year Eve'}, ], pk=('date', 'venue'))

And I want to add related data in another table: act = {'name': 'Rick Astley', 'venue': 'Times Square', 'date': '2021-12-31' } db['performers'].insert(act, pk=<???>)

Is it possible to specify a value for pk that will point to the compound primary key in events?

SQLite does support it: https://www.sqlite.org/foreignkeys.html#fk_composite

Hello! I have successfully put this package on to Conda Forge, and I have extending the invitation for the owner/maintainers of this package to be maintainers on Conda Forge as well. Let me know if you are interested! Thanks. https://github.com/conda-forge/sqlite-utils-feedstock

https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/compare/3.28...104f37fa4d2e7e5999c1d829267b62c737f74d3e

I figured out a workaround for the ugly global x hack here: - https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues/471#issuecomment-1229120653

Also testing https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/pull-requests.html

Refs #464

Also testing fix for: - https://github.com/readthedocs/readthedocs-preview/issues/10

:books: Documentation preview :books:: https://sqlite-utils--462.org.readthedocs.build/en/462/

I want to use it in another project: https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/blob/8a9fe6498faf783a1fdeb1793e661ad194a05267/sqlite_utils/utils.py#L471-L474

I keep committing code that fails additional tests like mypy and flake8 and black. Automate those using Just.

rows_from_file() isn't part of the documented API but maybe it should be!

Originally posted by @simonw in https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues/440#issuecomment-1154385916

I'm trying to figure out a way to get the table.extract() method to complete successfully -- I'm not sure if maybe the cause (and a possible solution) of this on Ubuntu Server 22.04 is to adjust some of the PRAGMA values within SQLite itself ... on another Linux system (PopOS), using this method on this same database appears to work just fine.

Here's the bit that's causing the error, and the resulting error output: ```python

combine these columns into 1 table "bib_properties" :

best_title

bib_level_code

mat_type

material_code

best_author

db["circ_trans"].extract( ["best_title", "bib_level_code", "mat_type", "material_code", "best_author"], table="bib_properties", fk_column="bib_properties_id" )

db["circ_trans"].extract( ["call_number"], table="call_number", fk_column="call_number_id", rename={"call_number": "value"} ) ```

```python

OperationalError Traceback (most recent call last) Input In [17], in <cell line: 7>() 1 # combine these columns into 1 table "bib_properties" : 2 # best_title 3 # bib_level_code 4 # mat_type 5 # material_code 6 # best_author ----> 7 db["circ_trans"].extract( 8 ["best_title", "bib_level_code", "mat_type", "material_code", "best_author"], 9 table="bib_properties", 10 fk_column="bib_properties_id" 11 ) 13 db["circ_trans"].extract( 14 ["call_number"], 15 table="call_number", 16 fk_column="call_number_id", 17 rename={"call_number": "value"} 18 )

File ~/jupyter/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sqlite_utils/db.py:1764, in Table.extract(self, columns, table, fk_column, rename) 1761 column_order.append(c.name) 1763 # Drop the unnecessary columns and rename lookup column -> 1764 self.transform( 1765 drop=set(columns), 1766 rename={magic_lookup_column: fk_column}, 1767 column_order=column_order, 1768 ) 1770 # And add the foreign key constraint 1771 self.add_foreign_key(fk_column, table, "id")

File ~/jupyter/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sqlite_utils/db.py:1526, in Table.transform(self, types, rename, drop, pk, not_null, defaults, drop_foreign_keys, column_order) 1524 with self.db.conn: 1525 for sql in sqls: -> 1526 self.db.execute(sql) 1527 # Run the foreign_key_check before we commit 1528 if pragma_foreign_keys_was_on:

File ~/jupyter/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sqlite_utils/db.py:465, in Database.execute(self, sql, parameters) 463 return self.conn.execute(sql, parameters) 464 else: --> 465 return self.conn.execute(sql)

OperationalError: database or disk is full ```

This database is about 17G in total size, so I'm assuming the error is coming from the vacuum ... where i'm assuming it's maybe trying to do the temp storage in a location that doesn't have sufficient room. The disk space is more than ample on the host in question (1.8T is free in the directory where the sqlite db resides) The /tmp directory however is limited on a smaller disk associated with the OS

I'm trying to think if there's a way to set the PRAGMA temp_store or maybe if it's temp_store_directory that I'm after ... to use the same local directory of where the file is located (maybe this is a property of the version of sqlite on the system?)

```python

SET the temp file store to be a file ...

print(db.execute('PRAGMA temp_store').fetchall()) print(db.execute('PRAGMA temp_store=FILE').fetchall())

print(db.execute('PRAGMA temp_store').fetchall())

the users home directory ...

print(db.execute("PRAGMA temp_store_directory='/home/plchuser/'").fetchall()) print(db.execute("PRAGMA sqlite3_temp_directory='/home/plchuser/'").fetchall())

print(db.execute("PRAGMA temp_store_directory").fetchall()) print(db.execute("PRAGMA sqlite3_temp_directory").fetchall()) text [(1,)] [] [(1,)] [] [] [('/home/plchuser/',)] [] ```

Here's the docs on the Temporary File Storage Locations https://www.sqlite.org/tempfiles.html

This code here runs only if cli.py is imported: https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/blob/7ddf5300886a32d6daf60cf1d71efe492b65c87e/sqlite_utils/cli.py#L50-L59

I found myself needing the same fix in another library:

• https://github.com/simonw/datasette-socrata/issues/13

It should be a documented utility function.

I am trying to insert https://artsdatabanken.no/Fab2018/api/export/csv into a SQLite database, but I have an error when using sqlite-utils:

``` sqlite-utils insert --csv --delimiter ";" --encoding="utf-16-le" --pk "Id" csv fremmedart test.db [------------------------------------] 0% Error: 'utf-16-le' codec can't decode bytes in position 98-99: illegal UTF-16 surrogate

The input you provided uses a character encoding other than utf-8.

You can fix this by passing the --encoding= option with the encoding of the file.

If you do not know the encoding, running 'file filename.csv' may tell you.

It's often worth trying: --encoding=latin-1 ```

I tried to convert the file using iconv -f "utf-16le" -t "utf-8", but I still get a similar error (slightly different position):

``` sqlite-utils insert --csv --delimiter ";" --encoding=utf-8 --pk "Id" csv_utf8 fremmedart test.db [------------------------------------] 0% Error: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xd9 in position 99: invalid continuation byte

The input you provided uses a character encoding other than utf-8.

You can fix this by passing the --encoding= option with the encoding of the file.

If you do not know the encoding, running 'file filename.csv' may tell you.

It's often worth trying: --encoding=latin-1 ```

I have no issues reading such file using this Python code: python content = open('csv', encoding='utf-16-le').read())

in2csv works too.

As seen in: - https://github.com/simonw/datasette/issues/1746 - https://github.com/simonw/shot-scraper/issues/77

Trying to get this to work with Pyodide.

Refs: https://github.com/simonw/click-default-group-wheel/issues/3

It's not possible to combine --multi and --dry-run flag in the convert command.

Let's first create a simple database from JSON string

console $ echo '[{"foo": "abc"}]' | sqlite-utils insert demo.db demo - $ sqlite-utils query demo.db "SELECT * FROM demo" [{"foo": "abc"}]

and then try to convert the "foo" column with a static value "bar" (see docs Converting a column into multiple columns)

console $ sqlite-utils convert demo.db demo foo '{"foo": "bar"}' --multi --dry-run Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/dotcs/anaconda3/envs/tools/bin/sqlite-utils", line 8, in <module> sys.exit(cli()) File "/home/dotcs/anaconda3/envs/tools/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1128, in __call__ return self.main(*args, **kwargs) File "/home/dotcs/anaconda3/envs/tools/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1053, in main rv = self.invoke(ctx) File "/home/dotcs/anaconda3/envs/tools/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1659, in invoke return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx)) File "/home/dotcs/anaconda3/envs/tools/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1395, in invoke return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params) File "/home/dotcs/anaconda3/envs/tools/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 754, in invoke return __callback(*args, **kwargs) File "/home/dotcs/anaconda3/envs/tools/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlite_utils/cli.py", line 2686, in convert for row in db.conn.execute(sql, where_args).fetchall(): sqlite3.OperationalError: user-defined function raised exception

But without the --dry-run flag it does work as expected:

console $ sqlite-utils convert demo.db demo foo '{"foo": "bar"}' --multi $ sqlite-utils query demo.db "SELECT * FROM demo" [{"foo": "bar"}]

console $ sqlite-utils --version sqlite-utils, version 3.25.1

SQLite in-memory databases can be named, in which case multiple connections can be opened to a shared in-memory database running within the same process.

Datasette supports this - SQLite could support it too.

https://docs.datasette.io/en/0.60.2/internals.html#database-ds-path-none-is-mutable-false-is-memory-false-memory-name-none

https://sqlite-utils.datasette.io/en/3.23/cli-reference.html#insert would be more useful if it included an example of --convert in action.

I can maybe use an example from https://simonwillison.net/2022/Jan/11/sqlite-utils/

This one here: https://sqlite-utils.datasette.io/en/3.23/python-api.html#converting-column-values-using-sql-functions

It should take advantage of the new methods from: - #79

I think this should initialize SpatiaLite against the current database if it has not been initialized already.

Relevant code: https://github.com/simonw/shapefile-to-sqlite/blob/e754d0747ca2facf9a7433e2d5d15a6a37a9cf6e/shapefile_to_sqlite/utils.py#L112-L126

I want to be able to run the equivalent of this SQL insert: ```python

Convert to "Well Known Text" format

wkt = shape(geojson['geometry']).wkt

Insert and commit the record

conn.execute("INSERT INTO places (id, name, geom) VALUES(null, ?, GeomFromText(?, 4326))", ( "Wales", wkt )) conn.commit() ``` From the Datasette SpatiaLite docs: https://datasette.readthedocs.io/en/stable/spatialite.html

To do this, I need a way of telling sqlite-utils that a specific column should be wrapped in GeomFromText(?, 4326).

It can easily have a progress bar because it works by looping through an iterator: https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/blob/a9fca7efa4184fbb2a65ca1275c326950ed9d3c1/sqlite_utils/cli.py#L1014-L1018

Should also support the --silent option if I add this.

```html

```

Originally posted by @simonw in https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues/388#issuecomment-1021785268

Because I often want to use it just to preview a few rows from the database. Piping through | head -n 20 works for JSON and CSV (they stream) but not for --table.

Refs #366

From the STRICT docs:

The SQLite parser accepts a comma-separated list of table options after the final close parenthesis in a CREATE TABLE statement. As of this writing (2021-08-23) only two options are recognized:

• STRICT
• WITHOUT ROWID

So I think I need to read the CREATE TABLE statement from the sqlite_master table, split on the last ), split those tokens on , and see if create is in there (case insensitive).

Originally posted by @simonw in https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues/344#issuecomment-982020757

Python 3.9.5 mypy 0.910 sqlite-utils 3.17.1

While using sqlite-utils as a library, when I use mypy for static type checking, it throws an error:

mypy . src/etl.py:5: error: Skipping analyzing "sqlite_utils": found module but no type hints or library stubs import sqlite_utils ^ src/etl.py:5: note: See https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/running_mypy.html#missing-imports test/test_etl.py:4: error: Skipping analyzing "sqlite_utils": found module but no type hints or library stubs import sqlite_utils ^ Found 2 errors in 2 files (checked 7 source files)

When I add a py.typed file to the sqlite-utils package to mark it as PEP 561 compatible, the error goes away.

al@nbal ..b/python3.9/site-packages/sqlite_utils (git)-[main] % la total 200 drwx------ 3 al al 4096 Oct 14 22:00 . drwx------ 117 al al 4096 Oct 12 21:12 .. -rw------- 1 al al 64409 Oct 12 21:11 cli.py -rw------- 1 al al 109092 Oct 12 21:11 db.py -rw------- 1 al al 0 Oct 14 22:00 py.typed -rw------- 1 al al 684 Oct 12 21:11 recipes.py -rw------- 1 al al 7988 Oct 12 21:11 utils.py -rw------- 1 al al 113 Oct 12 21:11 __init__.py

I would like to suggest adding a py.typed file to the repository.

See also the mypy docs on creating PEP 561 compatible packages: https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installed_packages.html#creating-pep-561-compatible-packages

This tests against the latest 3.10 RC, https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3100rc2/

To provide a way of running analyze-tables directly against JSON or CSV data.

Adding type signatures to create_table() and .create_table_sql() is a bit too involved, I'll do that in a separate issue.

Originally posted by @simonw in https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues/312#issuecomment-896200682

Would it be worthwhile for the sqlite-utils command-line tool to grow features to efficiently directly interact with gzipped CSV data?

Maybe add --gz options to both insert and to the various commands that output query results.

Addresses #246 - this is a bit of a kludge because it doesn't actually validate the FTS string, just makes sure that it will not crash when executed, but I figured that building a query parser is a bit out of the scope of sqlite-utils and if you actually want to use the query language, you probably need to parse that yourself.

Can show people how to open this up in Binder.

I found this posted on HN a while ago and love it -- thank you!

As a minor improvement, it would be great to have the ability to parse a file with line-separated JSON objects. Currently the parser obviously requires an array wrapping all these objects.

As seen in Datasette: https://github.com/simonw/datasette/issues/1227

This appears to be the canonical solution.

En route to trying to understand column order transform documentation, I tried the instructions here: https://simonwillison.net/2020/Sep/23/sqlite-advanced-alter-table/ I get a malformed database schema syntax error.

``` $ wget https://latest.datasette.io/fixtures.db --2021-03-31 18:00:23-- https://latest.datasette.io/fixtures.db Resolving latest.datasette.io (latest.datasette.io)... 2607:f8b0:4004:801::2013, 142.250.73.211 Connecting to latest.datasette.io (latest.datasette.io)|2607:f8b0:4004:801::2013|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘fixtures.db’

fixtures.db [ <=> ] 260.00K --.-KB/s in 0.1s

2021-03-31 18:00:23 (2.41 MB/s) - ‘fixtures.db’ saved [266240]

$ sqlite3 fixtures.db '.schema facetable' Error: malformed database schema (generated_columns) - near "AS": syntax error

$ sqlite3 fixtures.db SQLite version 3.28.0 2019-04-15 14:49:49 Enter ".help" for usage hints. sqlite> .schema Error: malformed database schema (generated_columns) - near "AS": syntax error ```

I have a jsonl file, it is 10,000 lines long.

Inserting from the cli with sqlite-utils insert db table file --nl --batch-size 10000 fails with this missing column error, even though I'm telling it to use the whole file in the first batch.

This seems similar to #18 and #139, but maybe it's unique to --nl?

I'm not quite sure if this is an issue with sqlite-utils or datasette.

Background I was previously using sqlite-utils version < 3.6. I have a bunch of csv files that have some data scraped from a website.

sqlite-utils create-table mydb.db post \ posted_date text \ url text \ title text \ raw_text text \ --not-null posted_date \ --not-null url \ --pk=url FTS is enabled via sqlite-utils enable-fts ./mydb.db post title raw_text

Data is loaded to the table via sqlite-utils insert ./mydb.db post ${filename} --csv

Note that the data contains text in my language Tamil.

Loading happens just fine. datasette serves the db file just fine. It recognizes FTS and shows the "search" box. However, none of the queries work. Whatever text I supply, it always returns 0 rows. I literally copy paste words from the row listing on the screen and paste it on the search box.

Interestingly, only thing I can remember is switching to sqlite-utils 3.6. I had to do this because the prior version had an issue with column size.

I have attached one of the csv files that can be loaded to the table. Substitute "${filename}" with that file for the sqlite-utils insert command. posts_20200417-20201231.csv.zip

Interestingly, the FTS based search from datasette worked just fine before this version upgrade. That is, the queries returned results. I will try to downgrade just to see if the theory is correct.

I appreciate any help here. Thanks.

https://www.sqlite.org/lang_attach.html

Maybe something like this: python db.attach("other_db", "other_db.db")

Hi,

I ran into a problem when trying to create a database from my Apple Healthkit data using healthkit-to-sqlite. The program crashed because of an invalid insert statement that was generated for table rDistanceCycling.

The actual problem turned out to be in sqlite-utils. Table.insert_all processes the data to be inserted in chunks of rows and checks for every chunk which columns are used, and it will collect all column names in the variable all_columns. The collection of columns is done using a nested list comprehension that is not completely correct.

I'm using a Windows machine and had to make a few adjustments to the tests in order to be able to run them because they had a posix dependency.

Thanks, kind regards,

Frans

```

this is a (condensed) chunk of data from my Apple healthkit export that caused the problem.

the 3 last items in the chunk have additional keys: metadata_HKMetadataKeySyncVersion and metadata_HKMetadataKeySyncIdentifier

chunk = [{'sourceName': 'AppleÂ\xa0Watch van Frans', 'sourceVersion': '7.0.1', 'device': '<<HKDevice: 0x281cf6c70>, name:Apple Watch, manufacturer:Apple Inc., model:Watch, hardware:Watch3,4, software:7.0.1>', 'unit': 'km', 'creationDate': '2020-10-10 12:29:09 +0100', 'startDate': '2020-10-10 12:29:06 +0100', 'endDate': '2020-10-10 12:29:07 +0100', 'value': '0.00518016'}, {'sourceName': 'AppleÂ\xa0Watch van Frans', 'sourceVersion': '7.0.1', 'device': '<<HKDevice: 0x281cf6c70>, name:Apple Watch, manufacturer:Apple Inc., model:Watch, hardware:Watch3,4, software:7.0.1>', 'unit': 'km', 'creationDate': '2020-10-10 12:29:10 +0100', 'startDate': '2020-10-10 12:29:07 +0100', 'endDate': '2020-10-10 12:29:08 +0100', 'value': '0.00544049'}, {'sourceName': 'AppleÂ\xa0Watch van Frans', 'sourceVersion': '6.2.6', 'device': '<<HKDevice: 0x281cf83e0>, name:Apple Watch, manufacturer:Apple Inc., model:Watch, hardware:Watch3,4, software:6.2.6>', 'unit': 'km', 'creationDate': '2020-10-14 05:54:12 +0100', 'startDate': '2020-07-15 16:40:50 +0100', 'endDate': '2020-07-15 16:42:49 +0100', 'value': '0.952092', 'metadata_HKMetadataKeySyncVersion': '1', 'metadata_HKMetadataKeySyncIdentifier': '3:674DBCDB-3FE8-40D1-9FC1-E54A2B413805:616520450.99823:616520569.99360:119'}, {'sourceName': 'AppleÂ\xa0Watch van Frans', 'sourceVersion': '6.2.6', 'device': '<<HKDevice: 0x281cf83e0>, name:Apple Watch, manufacturer:Apple Inc., model:Watch, hardware:Watch3,4, software:6.2.6>', 'unit': 'km', 'creationDate': '2020-10-14 05:54:12 +0100', 'startDate': '2020-07-15 16:42:49 +0100', 'endDate': '2020-07-15 16:44:51 +0100', 'value': '0.848983', 'metadata_HKMetadataKeySyncVersion': '1', 'metadata_HKMetadataKeySyncIdentifier': '3:674DBCDB-3FE8-40D1-9FC1-E54A2B413805:616520569.99360:616520691.98826:119'}, {'sourceName': 'AppleÂ\xa0Watch van Frans', 'sourceVersion': '6.2.6', 'device': '<<HKDevice: 0x281cf83e0>, name:Apple Watch, manufacturer:Apple Inc., model:Watch, hardware:Watch3,4, software:6.2.6>', 'unit': 'km', 'creationDate': '2020-10-14 05:54:12 +0100', 'startDate': '2020-07-15 16:44:51 +0100', 'endDate': '2020-07-15 16:46:50 +0100', 'value': '0.834403', 'metadata_HKMetadataKeySyncVersion': '1', 'metadata_HKMetadataKeySyncIdentifier': '3:674DBCDB-3FE8-40D1-9FC1-E54A2B413805:616520691.98826:616520810.98305:119'}]

def all_columns_old(): all_columns = [col for col in chunk[0]] all_columns += [column for record in chunk for column in record if column not in all_columns] return all_columns

def all_columns_new(): all_columns = [col for col in chunk[0]] for record in chunk: all_columns += [column for column in record if column not in all_columns] return all_columns

if name == 'main': from pprint import pprint

print('problem: ')
pprint(all_columns_old())
print('\nfix: ')
pprint(all_columns_new())

```

I'm going to add a offset= parameter to support this case. Thanks for the suggestion!

Originally posted by @simonw in https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues/224#issuecomment-778828495

The limit can be passed as a string to the query builder to have an offset. I have tested it using the shorthand limit=f"15, 30", the standard syntax should work too.

https://bruxellesdata.opendatasoft.com/explore/dataset/dog-toilets/export/?location=12,50.85802,4.38054 says:

CSV uses semicolon (;) as a separator.

Would be useful to be able to do this:

sqlite-utils insert places.db places places.csv --delimiter ';'

--delimiter could imply --csv

A mechanism for specifying columns that should be configured for full-text search as part of the initial data import:

sqlite-utils insert mydb.db articles articles.csv --csv -f title -f body

.quote() is a better name because it reflects that the method adds quotes around the value.

This method has never been documented so I'm going to rename it without a major version bump.

Following #212 it would be useful if there was a utility method for enabling counts for ALL tables in a database:

python db.enable_counts()

Open question: should this setup triggers for virtual tables such as FTS tables? Could that break things?

The sqlite version is 3.22.0 2018-01-22 18:45:57 0c55d179733b46d8d0ba4d88e01a25e10677046ee3da1d5b1581e86726f2alt1 sqlite-utils, version 3.0

It fails here: https://github.com/kaihendry/aws-partners-datasette/runs/1528432635?check_suite_focus=true

I'm not sure where the problem is, since it works fine locally on Archlinux system running 3.34.0 2020-12-01 16:14:00 a26b6597e3ae272231b96f9982c3bcc17ddec2f2b6eb4df06a224b91089fed5b

https://github.com/kaihendry/aws-partners-datasette/blob/main/create-summary-view.sh

Maybe I need to bump up from ubuntu-latest to ?

I'd like to get new sqlite-utils (and Datasette) releases submitted to Homebrew as painlessly as possible.

Python 3.8 added a deterministic parameter to db.create_function(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite3.Connection.create_function

sqlite-utils could expose this in the decorator, only actually applying it if the Python version supports it (using feature detection) - since nothing will break if it's not applied.

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/stable/python-api.html#registering-custom-sql-functions

```python db = Database(memory=True)

@db.register_function(deterministic=True) def reverse_string(s): return "".join(reversed(list(s))) ```

I just read that sqlite has a transitive closure table extension using a virtual table in order to represent trees:

https://charlesleifer.com/blog/querying-tree-structures-in-sqlite-using-python-and-the-transitive-closure-extension/

Even without this extension, though, a util to build a transitive closure table would allow trees to be queried easily. Since it relies on self-referential foreign keys, the relationships might even be able to be automatically detected.

In using extracts= for shapefiles-to-sqlite in https://github.com/simonw/shapefile-to-sqlite/issues/9 I've run into a couple of pretty serious flaws:

• The columns in the original table are still TEXT even when the foreign key they are supposed to reference is an INTEGER - which means Datasette foreign key features don't actually work
• Those foreign key relationships aren't setup automatically - creating them is left as an exercise for the developer

https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/fa777fff86

Easiest thing would be to run a 'rebuild' to rebuild the FTS index from scratch based on the contents of the content table. i.e.

INSERT INTO licenses_fts(licenses_fts) VALUES('rebuild');

https://www.sqlite.org/fts5.html#the_rebuild_command

Split from #175

Like add-foreign-key but can do multiple foreign keys at once. Inspired by https://github.com/simonw/calands-datasette/blob/99de39dd80a906f5c1f16724467b0cd55ba4ef36/build.sh which does this:

sqlite-utils add-foreign-key calands.db units_with_maps ACCESS_TYP sqlite-utils add-foreign-key calands.db units_with_maps AGNCY_NAME sqlite-utils add-foreign-key calands.db units_with_maps AGNCY_LEV sqlite-utils add-foreign-key calands.db units_with_maps AGNCY_TYP sqlite-utils add-foreign-key calands.db units_with_maps LAYER sqlite-utils add-foreign-key calands.db units_with_maps MNG_AGENCY sqlite-utils add-foreign-key calands.db units_with_maps MNG_AG_LEV sqlite-utils add-foreign-key calands.db units_with_maps MNG_AG_TYP sqlite-utils add-foreign-key calands.db units_with_maps COUNTY sqlite-utils add-foreign-key calands.db units_with_maps DES_TP

Syntactic sugar for db.conn.create_function - it would work something like this:

```python db = sqlite_utils.Database("mydb.db")

@db.register_function def scramble(text): chars = list(text) random.shuffle(chars) return "".join(chars) The decorator would inspect the function to find its name and arity (number of arguments). Having run the above you could then do:python db.execute("select scramble('hello')").fetchall() ```

insert_all() selects the maximum batch size based on the number of fields in the first record. If the first record has fewer fields than subsequent records (and alter=True is passed), this can result in SQL statements with more than the maximum permitted number of host parameters. This situation is perhaps unlikely to occur, but could happen if the first record had, say, 10 columns, such that batch_size (based on SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER = 999) would be 99. If the next 98 rows had 11 columns, the resulting SQL statement for the first batch would have 10 * 1 + 11 * 98 = 1088 host parameters (and subsequent batches, if the data were consistent from thereon out, would have 99 * 11 = 1089).

I suspect that this bug is masked somewhat by the fact that while:

SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER ... defaults to 999 for SQLite versions prior to 3.32.0 (2020-05-22) or 32766 for SQLite versions after 3.32.0.

it is common that it is increased at compile time. Debian-based systems, for example, seem to ship with a version of sqlite compiled with SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER set to 250,000, and I believe this is the case for homebrew installations too.

A test for this issue might look like this: python def test_columns_not_in_first_record_should_not_cause_batch_to_be_too_large(fresh_db): # sqlite on homebrew and Debian/Ubuntu etc. is typically compiled with # SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER set to 250,000, so we need to exceed this value to # trigger the error on these systems. THRESHOLD = 250000 extra_columns = 1 + (THRESHOLD - 1) // 99 records = [ {"c0": "first record"}, # one column in first record -> batch_size = 100 # fill out the batch with 99 records with enough columns to exceed THRESHOLD *[ dict([("c{}".format(i), j) for i in range(extra_columns)]) for j in range(99) ] ] try: fresh_db["too_many_columns"].insert_all(records, alter=True) except sqlite3.OperationalError: raise

The best solution, I think, is simply to process all the records when determining columns, column types, and the batch size. In my tests this doesn't seem to be particularly costly at all, and cuts out a lot of complications (including obviating my implementation of #139 at #142). I'll raise a PR for your consideration.

I'm getting this error when running:

sqlite-utils enable-wal beta.db

OperationalError: cannot change into wal mode from within a transaction

I'm worried that maybe that's because of this new code from #152:

https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/blob/deb2eb013ff85bbc828ebc244a9654f0d9c3139e/sqlite_utils/db.py#L128-L129

https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_recursive_triggers says:

Prior to SQLite version 3.6.18 (2009-09-11), recursive triggers were not supported. The behavior of SQLite was always as if this pragma was set to OFF. Support for recursive triggers was added in version 3.6.18 but was initially turned OFF by default, for compatibility. Recursive triggers may be turned on by default in future versions of SQLite.

So I think the fix for the complex issue in #149 is to turn on recursive_triggers globally by default for sqlite-utils.

Originally posted by @simonw in https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues/149#issuecomment-688499924

Accidentally removed in #143:

https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/blob/d7d3f962861ef32c5ead8f514c8756f5b6f7c4a0/.travis.yml#L18-L19

A --sqlar option could cause insert-files to behave in the same way as SQLite's own sqlar mechanism.

https://www.sqlite.org/sqlar.html and https://sqlite.org/sqlar/doc/trunk/README.md

I could solve round tripping (at least a bit) by allowing insert to be run with a flag that says "these columns are base64 encoded, store the decoded data in a BLOB".

That would solve inserting binary data using JSON too. Originally posted by @simonw in https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues/125#issuecomment-664012247

https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/blob/4d9a3204361d956440307a57bd18c829a15861db/sqlite_utils/db.py#L535-L540

Would be useful to be able to drop views and tables from the CLI.

Can go with #27 - sqlite-utils create-table.

Have a test that ensures all CLI commands are documented.

While investigating #98 I stumbled across this: ``` def test_upsert_compound_primary_key(fresh_db): table = fresh_db["table"] table.upsert_all( [ {"species": "dog", "id": 1, "name": "Cleo", "age": 4}, {"species": "cat", "id": 1, "name": "Catbag"}, ], pk=("species", "id"), ) table.upsert_all( [ {"species": "dog", "id": 1, "age": 5}, {"species": "dog", "id": 2, "name": "New Dog", "age": 1}, ], pk=("species", "id"), )

  assert [
        {"species": "dog", "id": 1, "name": "Cleo", "age": 5},
        {"species": "cat", "id": 1, "name": "Catbag", "age": None},
        {"species": "dog", "id": 2, "name": "New Dog", "age": 1},
    ] == list(table.rows)

E AssertionError: assert [{'age': 5, '...cies': 'dog'}] == [{'age': 5, '...cies': 'dog'}] E At index 0 diff: {'species': 'dog', 'id': 1, 'name': 'Cleo', 'age': 5} != {'species': 'dog', 'id': 1, 'name': None, 'age': 5} E Full diff: E - [{'age': 5, 'id': 1, 'name': 'Cleo', 'species': 'dog'}, E ? ^^^ -- E + [{'age': 5, 'id': 1, 'name': None, 'species': 'dog'}, E ? ^^^ E {'age': None, 'id': 1, 'name': 'Catbag', 'species': 'cat'}, E {'age': 1, 'id': 2, 'name': 'New Dog', 'species': 'dog'}] `` If you run.upsert_all()` with multiple dictionaries it doesn't quite have the effect you might expect.

Add type conversion for Panda's Timestamp, if Panda library is present in system (thanks for this project, I was about to do the same thing from scratch)

Hi! I did not find any mention on the library about ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions for foreign keys. Are those expected to be implemented? If not, it would be a nice thing to include!

File "...python3.7/site-packages/sqlite_utils/db.py", line 292, in create_table column_type=COLUMN_TYPE_MAPPING[column_type], KeyError: <class 'collections.OrderedDict'>

CSV can be imported to SQLite when used CLI, but I don't see documentation for when using as library.

The table names weren't escaped using double quotes in the populate_fts method.

Reproducible case: ```

import sqlite_utils db = sqlite_utils.Database("abc.db") db["http://example.com"].insert_all([ ... {"id": 1, "age": 4, "name": "Cleo"}, ... {"id": 2, "age": 2, "name": "Pancakes"} ... ], pk="id")

Spun off from #23 - this method will allow a user to update a specific row.

Currently the only way to do that it is to call .upsert({full record}) with the primary key field matching an existing record - but this does not support partial updates. python db["events"].update(3, {"name": "Renamed"}) This method only works on an existing table, so there's no need for a pk="id" specifier - it can detect the primary key by looking at the table.

If the primary key is compound the first argument can be a tuple: python db["events_venues"].update((3, 2), {"custom_label": "Label"}) The method can be called without the second dictionary argument. Doing this selects the row specified by the primary key (throwing an error if it does not exist) and remembers it so that chained operations can be carried out - see proposal in https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues/23#issuecomment-507055345

Refs #35

Still to do:

• [x] Unit tests
• [x] Switch to using .get()
• [x] Better exceptions, plus unit tests for what happens if pk does not exist
• [x] Documentation
• [x] Ensure compound primary keys work properly
• [x] alter=True support

While building https://github.com/dogsheep/healthkit-to-sqlite I found a need for a neat mechanism for easily building lookup tables - tables where each unique value in a column is replaced by a foreign key to a separate table.

csvs-to-sqlite currently creates those with its "extract" mechanism - but that's written as custom code against Pandas. I'd like to eventually replace Pandas with sqlite-utils there.

See also #42