releases

• The --load-extension=spatialite option and find_spatialite() utility function now both work correctly on arm64 Linux. Thanks, Mike Coats. (#599)
• Fix for bug where sqlite-utils insert could cause your terminal cursor to disappear. Thanks, Luke Plant. (#433)
• datetime.timedelta values are now stored as TEXT columns. Thanks, Harald Nezbeda. (#522)
• Test suite is now also run against Python 3.12.

• Fixed a bug where table.transform() would sometimes re-assign the rowid values for a table rather than keeping them consistent across the operation. (#592)

Adding foreign keys to a table no longer uses PRAGMA writable_schema = 1 to directly manipulate the sqlite_master table. This was resulting in errors in some Python installations where the SQLite library was compiled in a way that prevented this from working, in particular on macOS. Foreign keys are now added using the table transformation mechanism instead. (#577)

This new mechanism creates a full copy of the table, so it is likely to be significantly slower for large tables, but will no longer trigger table sqlite_master may not be modified errors on platforms that do not support PRAGMA writable_schema = 1.

A new plugin, sqlite-utils-fast-fks, is now available for developers who still want to use that faster but riskier implementation.

Other changes:

• The table.transform() method has two new parameters: foreign_keys= allows you to replace the foreign key constraints defined on a table, and add_foreign_keys= lets you specify new foreign keys to add. These complement the existing drop_foreign_keys= parameter. (#577)
• The sqlite-utils transform command has a new --add-foreign-key option which can be called multiple times to add foreign keys to a table that is being transformed. (#585)
• sqlite-utils convert now has a --pdb option for opening a debugger on the first encountered error in your conversion script. (#581)
• Fixed a bug where sqlite-utils install -e '.[test]' option did not work correctly.

This release introduces a new plugin system. (#567)

• Documentation describing how to build a plugin.
• Plugin hook: register_commands(cli), for plugins to add extra commands to sqlite-utils. (#569)
• Plugin hook: prepare_connection(conn). Plugins can use this to help prepare the SQLite connection to do things like registering custom SQL functions. Thanks, Alex Garcia. (#574)
• sqlite_utils.Database(..., execute_plugins=False) option for disabling plugin execution. (#575)
• sqlite-utils install -e path-to-directory option for installing editable code. This option is useful during the development of a plugin. (#570)
• table.create(...) method now accepts replace=True to drop and replace an existing table with the same name, or ignore=True to silently do nothing if a table already exists with the same name. (#568)
• sqlite-utils insert ... --stop-after 10 option for stopping the insert after a specified number of records. Works for the upsert command as well. (#561)
• The --csv and --tsv modes for insert now accept a --empty-null option, which cases empty strings in the CSV file to be stored as null in the database. (#563)
• New db.rename_table(table_name, new_name) method for renaming tables. (#565)
• sqlite-utils rename-table my.db table_name new_name command for renaming tables. (#565)
• The table.transform(...) method now takes an optional keep_table=new_table_name parameter, which will cause the original table to be renamed to new_table_name rather than being dropped at the end of the transformation. (#571)
• Documentation now notes that calling table.transform() without any arguments will reformat the SQL schema stored by SQLite to be more aesthetically pleasing. (#564)

• sqlite-utils will now use sqlean.py in place of sqlite3 if it is installed in the same virtual environment. This is useful for Python environments with either an outdated version of SQLite or with restrictions on SQLite such as disabled extension loading or restrictions resulting in the sqlite3.OperationalError: table sqlite_master may not be modified error. (#559)
• New with db.ensure_autocommit_off() context manager, which ensures that the database is in autocommit mode for the duration of a block of code. This is used by db.enable_wal() and db.disable_wal() to ensure they work correctly with pysqlite3 and sqlean.py.
• New db.iterdump() method, providing an iterator over SQL strings representing a dump of the database. This uses sqlite-dump if it is available, otherwise falling back on the conn.iterdump() method from sqlite3. Both pysqlite3 and sqlean.py omit support for iterdump() - this method helps paper over that difference.

• Examples in the CLI documentation can now all be copied and pasted without needing to remove a leading $. (#551)
• Documentation now covers Setting up shell completion for bash and zsh. (#552)

• New experimental sqlite-utils tui interface for interactively building command-line invocations, powered by Trogon. This requires an optional dependency, installed using sqlite-utils install trogon. There is a screenshot in the documentation. (#545)
• sqlite-utils analyze-tables command (documentation) now has a --common-limit 20 option for changing the number of common/least-common values shown for each column. (#544)
• sqlite-utils analyze-tables --no-most and --no-least options for disabling calculation of most-common and least-common values.
• If a column contains only null values, analyze-tables will no longer attempt to calculate the most common and least common values for that column. (#547)
• Calling sqlite-utils analyze-tables with non-existent columns in the -c/--column option now results in an error message. (#548)
• The table.analyze_column() method (documented here) now accepts most_common=False and least_common=False options for disabling calculation of those values.

• Dropped support for Python 3.6. Tests now ensure compatibility with Python 3.11. (#517)
• Automatically locates the SpatiaLite extension on Apple Silicon. Thanks, Chris Amico. (#536)
• New --raw-lines option for the sqlite-utils query and sqlite-utils memory commands, which outputs just the raw value of the first column of evy row. (#539)
• Fixed a bug where table.upsert_all() failed if the not_null= option was passed. (#538)
• Fixed a ResourceWarning when using sqlite-utils insert. (#534)
• Now shows a more detailed error message when sqlite-utils insert is called with invalid JSON. (#532)
• table.convert(..., skip_false=False) and sqlite-utils convert --no-skip-false options, for avoiding a misfeature where the convert() mechanism skips rows in the database with a falsey value for the specified column. Fixing this by default would be a backwards-incompatible change and is under consideration for a 4.0 release in the future. (#527)
• Tables can now be created with self-referential foreign keys. Thanks, Scott Perry. (#537)
• sqlite-utils transform no longer breaks if a table defines default values for columns. Thanks, Kenny Song. (#509)
• Fixed a bug where repeated calls to table.transform() did not work correctly. Thanks, Martin Carpenter. (#525)
• Improved error message if rows_from_file() is passed a non-binary-mode file-like object. (#520)

• Now tested against Python 3.11. (#502)
• New table.search_sql(include_rank=True) option, which adds a rank column to the generated SQL. Thanks, Jacob Chapman. (#480)
• Progress bars now display for newline-delimited JSON files using the --nl option. Thanks, Mischa Untaga. (#485)
• New db.close() method. (#504)
• Conversion functions passed to table.convert(...) can now return lists or dictionaries, which will be inserted into the database as JSON strings. (#495)
• sqlite-utils install and sqlite-utils uninstall commands for installing packages into the same virtual environment as sqlite-utils, described here. (#483)
• New sqlite_utils.utils.flatten() utility function. (#500)
• Documentation on using Just to run tests, linters and build documentation.
• Documentation now covers the Release process for this package.

• The sqlite-utils query, memory and bulk commands now all accept a new --functions option. This can be passed a string of Python code, and any callable objects defined in that code will be made available to SQL queries as custom SQL functions. See Defining custom SQL functions for details. (#471)
• db[table].create(...) method now accepts a new transform=True parameter. If the table already exists it will be transform to match the schema configuration options passed to the function. This may result in columns being added or dropped, column types being changed, column order being updated or not null and default values for columns being set. (#467)
• Related to the above, the sqlite-utils create-table command now accepts a --transform option.
• New introspection property: table.default_values returns a dictionary mapping each column name with a default value to the configured default value. (#475)
• The --load-extension option can now be provided a path to a compiled SQLite extension module accompanied by the name of an entrypoint, separated by a colon - for example --load-extension ./lines0:sqlite3_lines0_noread_init. This feature is modelled on code first contributed to Datasette by Alex Garcia. (#470)
• Functions registered using the db.register_function() method can now have a custom name specified using the new db.register_function(fn, name=...) parameter. (#458)
• sqlite-utils rows has a new --order option for specifying the sort order for the returned rows. (#469)
• All of the CLI options that accept Python code blocks can now all be used to define functions that can access modules imported in that same block of code without needing to use the global keyword. (#472)
• Fixed bug where table.extract() would not behave correctly for columns containing null values. Thanks, Forest Gregg. (#423)
• New tutorial: Cleaning data with sqlite-utils and Datasette shows how to use sqlite-utils to import and clean an example CSV file.
• Datasette and sqlite-utils now have a Discord community. Join the Discord here.

• New table.duplicate(new_name) method for creating a copy of a table with a matching schema and row contents. Thanks, David. (#449)
• New sqlite-utils duplicate data.db table_name new_name CLI command for Duplicating tables. (#454)
• sqlite_utils.utils.rows_from_file() is now a documented API. It can be used to read a sequence of dictionaries from a file-like object containing CSV, TSV, JSON or newline-delimited JSON. It can be passed an explicit format or can attempt to detect the format automatically. (#443)
• sqlite_utils.utils.TypeTracker is now a documented API for detecting the likely column types for a sequence of string rows, see Detecting column types using TypeTracker. (#445)
• sqlite_utils.utils.chunks() is now a documented API for splitting an iterator into chunks. (#451)
• sqlite-utils enable-fts now has a --replace option for replacing the existing FTS configuration for a table. (#450)
• The create-index, add-column and duplicate commands all now take a --ignore option for ignoring errors should the database not be in the right state for them to operate. (#450)

See also the annotated release notes for this release.

• Documentation now uses the Furo Sphinx theme. (#435)
• Code examples in documentation now have a "copy to clipboard" button. (#436)
• sqlite_utils.utils.utils.rows_from_file() is now a documented API, see Reading rows from a file. (#443)
• rows_from_file() has two new parameters to help handle CSV files with rows that contain more values than are listed in that CSV file's headings: ignore_extras=True and extras_key="name-of-key". (#440)
• sqlite_utils.utils.maximize_csv_field_size_limit() helper function for increasing the field size limit for reading CSV files to its maximum, see Setting the maximum CSV field size limit. (#442)
• table.search(where=, where_args=) parameters for adding additional WHERE clauses to a search query. The where= parameter is available on table.search_sql(...) as well. See Searching with table.search(). (#441)
• Fixed bug where table.detect_fts() and other search-related functions could fail if two FTS-enabled tables had names that were prefixes of each other. (#434)

• Now depends on click-default-group-wheel, a pure Python wheel package. This means you can install and use this package with Pyodide, which can run Python entirely in your browser using WebAssembly. (#429)

Try that out using the Pyodide REPL:

```pycon

import micropip await micropip.install("sqlite-utils") import sqlite_utils db = sqlite_utils.Database(memory=True) list(db.query("select 3 * 5")) [{'3 * 5': 15}] ```

• New errors=r.IGNORE/r.SET_NULL parameter for the r.parsedatetime() and r.parsedate() convert recipes. (#416)
• Fixed a bug where --multi could not be used in combination with --dry-run for the convert command. (#415)
• New documentation: Using a convert() function to execute initialization. (#420)
• More robust detection for whether or not deterministic=True is supported. (#425)

• Improved display of type information and parameters in the API reference documentation. #413

• New hash_id_columns= parameter for creating a primary key that's a hash of the content of specific columns - see Setting an ID based on the hash of the row contents for details. (#343)
• New db.sqlite_version property, returning a tuple of integers representing the version of SQLite, for example (3, 38, 0).
• Fixed a bug where register_function(deterministic=True) caused errors on versions of SQLite prior to 3.8.3. (#408)
• New documented hash_record(record, keys=...) function.

• SpatiaLite helpers for the sqlite-utils command-line tool - thanks, Chris Amico. (#398)
  • sqlite-utils create-database --init-spatialite option for initializing SpatiaLite on a newly created database.
  • sqlite-utils add-geometry-column command for adding geometry columns.
  • sqlite-utils create-spatial-index command for adding spatial indexes.
• db[table].create(..., if_not_exists=True) option for creating a table only if it does not already exist. (#397)
• Database(memory_name="my_shared_database") parameter for creating a named in-memory database that can be shared between multiple connections. (#405)
• Documentation now describes how to add a primary key to a rowid table using sqlite-utils transform. (#403)

This release introduces four new utility methods for working with SpatiaLite. Thanks, Chris Amico. (#330)

• sqlite_utils.utils.find_spatialite() finds the location of the SpatiaLite module on disk.
• db.init_spatialite() initializes SpatiaLite for the given database.
• table.add_geometry_column(...) adds a geometry column to an existing table.
• table.create_spatial_index(...) creates a spatial index for a column.
• sqlite-utils batch now accepts a --batch-size option. (#392)

• All commands now include example usage in their --help - see CLI reference. (#384)
• Python library documentation has a new Getting started section. (#387)
• Documentation now uses Plausible analytics. (#389)

• New CLI reference documentation page, listing the output of --help for every one of the CLI commands. (#383)
• sqlite-utils rows now has --limit and --offset options for paginating through data. (#381)
• sqlite-utils rows now has --where and -p options for filtering the table using a WHERE query, see Returning all rows in a table. (#382)

CLI and Python library improvements to help run ANALYZE after creating indexes or inserting rows, to gain better performance from the SQLite query planner when it runs against indexes.

Three new CLI commands: create-database, analyze and bulk.

More details and examples can be found in the annotated release notes.

• New sqlite-utils create-database command for creating new empty database files. (#348)
• New Python methods for running ANALYZE against a database, table or index: db.analyze() and table.analyze(), see Optimizing index usage with ANALYZE. (#366)
• New sqlite-utils analyze command for running ANALYZE using the CLI. (#379)
• The create-index, insert and upsert commands now have a new --analyze option for running ANALYZE after the command has completed. (#379)
• New sqlite-utils bulk command which can import records in the same way as sqlite-utils insert (from JSON, CSV or TSV) and use them to bulk execute a parametrized SQL query. (#375)
• The CLI tool can now also be run using python -m sqlite_utils. (#368)
• Using --fmt now implies --table, so you don't need to pass both options. (#374)
• The --convert function applied to rows can now modify the row in place. (#371)
• The insert-files command supports two new columns: stem and suffix. (#372)
• The --nl import option now ignores blank lines in the input. (#376)
• Fixed bug where streaming input to the insert command with --batch-size 1 would appear to only commit after several rows had been ingested, due to unnecessary input buffering. (#364)

• sqlite-utils insert ... --lines to insert the lines from a file into a table with a single line column, see Inserting unstructured data with --lines and --text.
• sqlite-utils insert ... --text to insert the contents of the file into a table with a single text column and a single row.
• sqlite-utils insert ... --convert allows a Python function to be provided that will be used to convert each row that is being inserted into the database. See Applying conversions while inserting data, including details on special behavior when combined with --lines and --text. (#356)
• sqlite-utils convert now accepts a code value of - to read code from standard input. (#353)
• sqlite-utils convert also now accepts code that defines a named convert(value) function, see Converting data in columns.
• db.supports_strict property showing if the database connection supports SQLite strict tables.
• table.strict property (see .strict) indicating if the table uses strict mode. (#344)
• Fixed bug where sqlite-utils upsert ... --detect-types ignored the --detect-types option. (#362)

• The table.lookup() method now accepts keyword arguments that match those on the underlying table.insert() method: foreign_keys=, column_order=, not_null=, defaults=, extracts=, conversions= and columns=. You can also now pass pk= to specify a different column name to use for the primary key. (#342)

• Extra keyword arguments for table.lookup() which are passed through to .insert(). #342

• The table.lookup() method now has an optional second argument which can be used to populate columns only the first time the record is created, see Working with lookup tables. (#339)
• sqlite-utils memory now has a --flatten option for flattening nested JSON objects into separate columns, consistent with sqlite-utils insert. (#332)
• table.create_index(..., find_unique_name=True) parameter, which finds an available name for the created index even if the default name has already been taken. This means that index-foreign-keys will work even if one of the indexes it tries to create clashes with an existing index name. (#335)
• Added py.typed to the module, so mypy should now correctly pick up the type annotations. Thanks, Andreas Longo. (#331)
• Now depends on python-dateutil instead of depending on dateutils. Thanks, Denys Pavlov. (#324)
• table.create() (see Explicitly creating a table) now handles dict, list and tuple types, mapping them to TEXT columns in SQLite so that they can be stored encoded as JSON. (#338)
• Inserted data with square braces in the column names (for example a CSV file containing a item[price]) column now have the braces converted to underscores: item_price_. Previously such columns would be rejected with an error. (#329)
• Now also tested against Python 3.10. (#330)

• sqlite-utils memory now works if files passed to it share the same file name. (#325)
• sqlite-utils query now returns [] in JSON mode if no rows are returned. (#328)

• The sqlite-utils memory command has a new --analyze option, which runs the equivalent of the analyze-tables command directly against the in-memory database created from the incoming CSV or JSON data. (#320)
• sqlite-utils insert-files now has the ability to insert file contents in to TEXT columns in addition to the default BLOB. Pass the --text option or use content_text as a column specifier. (#319)

• Type signatures added to more methods, including table.resolve_foreign_keys(), db.create_table_sql(), db.create_table() and table.create(). (#314)
• New db.quote_fts(value) method, see Quoting characters for use in search - thanks, Mark Neumann. (#246)
• table.search() now accepts an optional quote=True parameter. (#296)
• CLI command sqlite-utils search now accepts a --quote option. (#296)
• Fixed bug where --no-headers and --tsv options to sqlite-utils insert could not be used together. (#295)
• Various small improvements to API reference documentation.

• Python library now includes type annotations on almost all of the methods, plus detailed docstrings describing each one. (#311)
• New API Reference documentation page, powered by those docstrings.
• Fixed bug where .add_foreign_keys() failed to raise an error if called against a View. (#313)
• Fixed bug where .delete_where() returned a [] instead of returning self if called against a non-existant table. (#315)

• sqlite-utils insert --flatten option for flattening nested JSON objects to create tables with column names like topkey_nestedkey. (#310)
• Fixed several spelling mistakes in the documentation, spotted using codespell.
• Errors that occur while using the sqlite-utils CLI tool now show the responsible SQL and query parameters, if possible. (#309)

This release introduces the new sqlite-utils convert command (#251) and corresponding table.convert(...) Python method (#302). These tools can be used to apply a Python conversion function to one or more columns of a table, either updating the column in place or using transformed data from that column to populate one or more other columns.

This command-line example uses the Python standard library textwrap module to wrap the content of the content column in the articles table to 100 characters: $ sqlite-utils convert content.db articles content\ '"\n".join(textwrap.wrap(value, 100))'\ --import=textwrap The same operation in Python code looks like this: ```python import sqlite_utils, textwrap

db = sqlite_utils.Database("content.db") db["articles"].convert("content", lambda v: "\n".join(textwrap.wrap(v, 100))) ``` See the full documentation for the sqlite-utils convert command and the table.convert(...) Python method for more details.

Also in this release:

• The new table.count_where(...) method, for counting rows in a table that match a specific SQL WHERE clause. (#305)
• New --silent option for the sqlite-utils insert-files command to hide the terminal progress bar, consistent with the --silent option for sqlite-utils convert. (#301)

• sqlite-utils schema my.db table1 table2 command now accepts optional table names. (#299)
• sqlite-utils memory --help now describes the --schema option.

• New db.query(sql, params) method, which executes a SQL query and returns the results as an iterator over Python dictionaries. (#290)
• This project now uses flake8 and has started to use mypy. (#291)
• New documentation on contributing to this project. (#292)

• New sqlite-utils memory data.csv --schema option, for outputting the schema of the in-memory database generated from one or more files. See --schema, --dump and --save. (#288)
• Added installation instructions. (#286)

This release introduces the sqlite-utils memory command, which can be used to load CSV or JSON data into a temporary in-memory database and run SQL queries (including joins across multiple files) directly against that data.

Also new: sqlite-utils insert --detect-types, sqlite-utils dump, table.use_rowid plus some smaller fixes.

sqlite-utils memory

This example of sqlite-utils memory retrieves information about the all of the repositories in the Dogsheep organization on GitHub using this JSON API, sorts them by their number of stars and outputs a table of the top five (using -t):

``` $ curl -s 'https://api.github.com/users/dogsheep/repos'\ | sqlite-utils memory - ' select full_name, forks_count, stargazers_count from stdin order by stargazers_count desc limit 5 ' -t full_name forks_count stargazers_count

dogsheep/twitter-to-sqlite 12 225 dogsheep/github-to-sqlite 14 139 dogsheep/dogsheep-photos 5 116 dogsheep/dogsheep.github.io 7 90 dogsheep/healthkit-to-sqlite 4 85 ```

The tool works against files on disk as well. This example joins data from two CSV files:

$ cat creatures.csv species_id,name 1,Cleo 2,Bants 2,Dori 2,Azi $ cat species.csv id,species_name 1,Dog 2,Chicken $ sqlite-utils memory species.csv creatures.csv ' select * from creatures join species on creatures.species_id = species.id ' [{"species_id": 1, "name": "Cleo", "id": 1, "species_name": "Dog"}, {"species_id": 2, "name": "Bants", "id": 2, "species_name": "Chicken"}, {"species_id": 2, "name": "Dori", "id": 2, "species_name": "Chicken"}, {"species_id": 2, "name": "Azi", "id": 2, "species_name": "Chicken"}]

Here the species.csv file becomes the species table, the creatures.csv file becomes the creatures table and the output is JSON, the default output format.

You can also use the --attach option to attach existing SQLite database files to the in-memory database, in order to join data from CSV or JSON directly against your existing tables.

Full documentation of this new feature is available in Querying data directly using an in-memory database. (#272)

sqlite-utils insert --detect-types

The sqlite-utils insert command can be used to insert data from JSON, CSV or TSV files into a SQLite database file. The new --detect-types option (shortcut -d), when used in conjunction with a CSV or TSV import, will automatically detect if columns in the file are integers or floating point numbers as opposed to treating everything as a text column and create the new table with the corresponding schema. See Inserting CSV or TSV data for details. (#282)

Other changes

• Bug fix: table.transform(), when run against a table without explicit primary keys, would incorrectly create a new version of the table with an explicit primary key column called rowid. (#284)
• New table.use_rowid introspection property, see .use_rowid. (#285)
• The new sqlite-utils dump file.db command outputs a SQL dump that can be used to recreate a database. (#274)
• -h now works as a shortcut for --help, thanks Loren McIntyre. (#276)
• Now using pytest-cov and Codecov to track test coverage - currently at 96%. (#275)
• SQL errors that occur when using sqlite-utils query are now displayed as CLI errors.

• Fixed bug when using table.upsert_all() to create a table with only a single column that is treated as the primary key. (#271)

• New sqlite-utils schema command showing the full SQL schema for a database, see Showing the schema (CLI). (#268)
• db.schema introspection property exposing the same feature to the Python library, see Showing the schema (Python library).

• New sqlite-utils indexes command to list indexes in a database, see Listing indexes. (#263)
• table.xindexes introspection property returning more details about that table's indexes, see .xindexes. (#261)

• New table.pks_and_rows_where() method returning (primary_key, row_dictionary) tuples - see Listing rows with their primary keys. (#240)
• Fixed bug with table.add_foreign_key() against columns containing spaces. (#238)
• table_or_view.drop(ignore=True) option for avoiding errors if the table or view does not exist. (#237)
• sqlite-utils drop-view --ignore and sqlite-utils drop-table --ignore options. (#237)
• Fixed a bug with inserts of nested JSON containing non-ascii strings - thanks, Dylan Wu. (#257)
• Suggest --alter if an error occurs caused by a missing column. (#259)
• Support creating indexes with columns in descending order, see API documentation and CLI documentation. (#260)
• Correctly handle CSV files that start with a UTF-8 BOM. (#250)

This release adds the ability to execute queries joining data from more than one database file - similar to the cross database querying feature introduced in Datasette 0.55.

• The db.attach(alias, filepath) Python method can be used to attach extra databases to the same connection, see db.attach() in the Python API documentation. (#113)
• The --attach option attaches extra aliased databases to run SQL queries against directly on the command-line, see attaching additional databases in the CLI documentation. (#236)

• sqlite-utils insert --sniff option for detecting the delimiter and quote character used by a CSV file, see Alternative delimiters and quote characters. (#230)
• The table.rows_where(), table.search() and table.search_sql() methods all now take optional offset= and limit= arguments. (#231)
• New --no-headers option for sqlite-utils insert --csv to handle CSV files that are missing the header row, see CSV files without a header row. (#228)
• Fixed bug where inserting data with extra columns in subsequent chunks would throw an error. Thanks @nieuwenhoven for the fix. (#234)
• Fixed bug importing CSV files with columns containing more than 128KB of data. (#229)
• Test suite now runs in CI against Ubuntu, macOS and Windows. Thanks @nieuwenhoven for the Windows test fixes. (#232)

• Fixed a code import bug that slipped in to 3.4. (#226)

• sqlite-utils insert --csv now accepts optional --delimiter and --quotechar options. See Alternative delimiters and quote characters. (#223)

• The table.m2m() method now accepts an optional alter=True argument to specify that any missing columns should be added to the referenced table. See Working with many-to-many relationships. (#222)

• Fixed a bug where .add_missing_columns() failed to take case insensitive column names into account. (#221)

This release introduces a new mechanism for speeding up count(*) queries using cached table counts, stored in a _counts table and updated by triggers. This mechanism is described in Cached table counts using triggers, and can be enabled using Python API methods or the new enable-counts CLI command. (#212)

• table.enable_counts() method for enabling these triggers on a specific table.
• db.enable_counts() method for enabling triggers on every table in the database. (#213)
• New sqlite-utils enable-counts my.db command for enabling counts on all or specific tables, see Enabling cached counts. (#214)
• New sqlite-utils triggers command for listing the triggers defined for a database or specific tables, see Listing triggers. (#218)
• New db.use_counts_table property which, if True, causes table.count to read from the _counts table. (#215)
• table.has_counts_triggers property revealing if a table has been configured with the new _counts database triggers.
• db.reset_counts() method and sqlite-utils reset-counts command for resetting the values in the _counts table. (#219)
• The previously undocumented db.escape() method has been renamed to db.quote() and is now covered by the documentation: Quoting strings for use in SQL. (#217)
• New table.triggers_dict and db.triggers_dict introspection properties. (#211, #216)
• sqlite-utils insert now shows a more useful error message for invalid JSON. (#206)

• Fixed failing test caused by optimize sometimes creating larger database files. (#209)
• Documentation now lives on https://sqlite-utils.datasette.io/
• README now includes brew install sqlite-utils installation method.

• New command: sqlite-utils analyze-tables my.db outputs useful information about the table columns in the database, such as the number of distinct values and how many rows are null. See Analyzing tables for documentation. (#207)
• New table.analyze_column(column) Python method used by the analyze-tables command - see Analyzing a column.
• The table.update() method now correctly handles values that should be stored as JSON. Thanks, Andreas Madsack. (#204)

This release introduces a new sqlite-utils search command for searching tables, see Executing searches. (#192)

The table.search() method has been redesigned, see Searching with table.search(). (#197)

The release includes minor backwards-incompatible changes, hence the version bump to 3.0. Those changes, which should not affect most users, are:

• The -c shortcut option for outputting CSV is no longer available. The full --csv option is required instead.
• The -f shortcut for --fmt has also been removed - use --fmt.
• The table.search() method now defaults to sorting by relevance, not sorting by rowid. (#198)
• The table.search() method now returns a generator over a list of Python dictionaries. It previously returned a list of tuples.

Also in this release:

• The query, tables, rows and search CLI commands now accept a new --tsv option which outputs the results in TSV. (#193)
• A new table.virtual_table_using property reveals if a table is a virtual table, and returns the upper case type of virtual table (e.g. FTS4 or FTS5) if it is. It returns None if the table is not a virtual table. (#196)
• The new table.search_sql() method returns the SQL for searching a table, see Building SQL queries with table.search_sql().
• sqlite-utils rows now accepts multiple optional -c parameters specifying the columns to return. (#200)

Changes since the 3.0a0 alpha release:

• The sqlite-utils search command now defaults to returning every result, unless you add a --limit 20 option.
• The sqlite-utils search -c and table.search(columns=[]) options are now fully respected. (#201)

This release introduces a new sqlite-utils search command for searching tables, see Executing searches. (#192)

The table.search() method has been redesigned, see Searching with table.search(). (#197)

The release includes minor backwards-incompatible changes, hence the version bump to 3.0. Those changes, which should not affect most users, are:

• The -c shortcut option for outputting CSV is no longer available. The full --csv option is required instead.
• The -f shortcut for --fmt has also been removed - use --fmt.
• The table.search() method now defaults to sorting by relevance, not sorting by rowid. (#198)
• The table.search() method now returns a generator over a list of Python dictionaries. It previously returned a list of tuples.

Also in this release:

• The query, tables, rows and search CLI commands now accept a new --tsv option which outputs the results in TSV. (#193)
• A new table.virtual_table_using property reveals if a table is a virtual table, and returns the upper case type of virtual table (e.g. FTS4 or FTS5) if it is. It returns None if the table is not a virtual table. (#196)
• The new table.search_sql() method returns the SQL for searching a table, see Building SQL queries with table.search_sql().
• sqlite-utils rows now accepts multiple optional -c parameters specifying the columns to return. (#200)

• table.m2m(other_table, records) method now takes any iterable, not just a list or tuple. Thanks, Adam Wolf. (#189)
• sqlite-utils insert now displays a progress bar for CSV or TSV imports. (#173)
• New @db.register_function(deterministic=True) option for registering deterministic SQLite functions in Python 3.8 or higher. (#191)

• New --encoding option for processing CSV and TSV files that use a non-utf-8 encoding, for both the insert and update commands. (#182)
• The --load-extension option is now available to many more commands. (#137)
• --load-extension=spatialite can be used to load SpatiaLite from common installation locations, if it is available. (#136)
• Tests now also run against Python 3.9. (#184)
• Passing pk=["id"] now has the same effect as passing pk="id". (#181)

• table.extract() and sqlite-utils extract now apply much, much faster - one example operation reduced from twelve minutes to just four seconds! (#172)
• sqlite-utils extract no longer shows a progress bar, because it's fast enough not to need one.
• New column_order= option for table.transform() which can be used to alter the order of columns in a table. (#175)
• sqlite-utils transform --column-order= option (with a -o shortcut) for changing column order. (#176)
• The table.transform(drop_foreign_keys=) parameter and the sqlite-utils transform --drop-foreign-key option have changed. They now accept just the name of the column rather than requiring all three of the column, other table and other column. This is technically a backwards-incompatible change but I chose not to bump the major version number because the transform feature is so new. (#177)
• The table .disable_fts(), .rebuild_fts(), .delete(), .delete_where() and .add_missing_columns() methods all now return self, which means they can be chained together with other table operations.

This release introduces two key new capabilities: transform (#114) and extract (#42).

Transform

SQLite's ALTER TABLE has several documented limitations. The table.transform() Python method and sqlite-utils transform CLI command work around these limitations using a pattern where a new table with the desired structure is created, data is copied over to it and the old table is then dropped and replaced by the new one.

You can use these tools to drop columns, change column types, rename columns, add and remove NOT NULL and defaults, remove foreign key constraints and more. See the transforming tables (CLI) and transforming tables (Python library) documentation for full details of how to use them.

Extract

Sometimes a database table - especially one imported from a CSV file - will contain duplicate data. A Trees table may include a Species column with only a few dozen unique values, when the table itself contains thousands of rows.

The table.extract() method and sqlite-utils extract commands can extract a column - or multiple columns - out into a separate lookup table, and set up a foreign key relationship from the original table.

The Python library extract() documentation describes how extraction works in detail, and Extracting columns into a separate table in the CLI documentation includes a detailed example.

Other changes

• The @db.register_function decorator can be used to quickly register Python functions as custom SQL functions, see Registering custom SQL functions. (#162)
• The table.rows_where() method now accepts an optional select= argument for specifying which columns should be selected, see Listing rows.

• New sqlite-utils add-foreign-keys command for Adding multiple foreign keys at once. (#157)
• New table.enable_fts(..., replace=True) argument for replacing an existing FTS table with a new configuration. (#160)
• New table.add_foreign_key(..., ignore=True) argument for ignoring a foreign key if it already exists. (#112)

• table.rebuild_fts() method for rebuilding a FTS index, see Rebuilding a full-text search table. (#155)
• sqlite-utils rebuild-fts data.db command for rebuilding FTS indexes across all tables, or just specific tables. (#155)
• table.optimize() method no longer deletes junk rows from the *_fts_docsize table. This was added in 2.17 but it turns out running table.rebuild_fts() is a better solution to this problem.
• Fixed a bug where rows with additional columns that are inserted after the first batch of records could cause an error due to breaking SQLite's maximum number of parameters. Thanks, Simon Wiles. (#145)

This release handles a bug where replacing rows in FTS tables could result in growing numbers of unneccessary rows in the associated *_fts_docsize table. (#149)

• PRAGMA recursive_triggers=on by default for all connections. You can turn it off with Database(recursive_triggers=False). (#152)
• table.optimize() method now deletes unnecessary rows from the *_fts_docsize table. (#153)
• New tracer method for tracking underlying SQL queries, see Tracing queries. (#150)
• Neater indentation for schema SQL. (#148)
• Documentation for sqlite_utils.AlterError exception thrown by in add_foreign_keys().

• insert_all(..., alter=True) now works for columns introduced after the first 100 records. Thanks, Simon Wiles! (#139)
• Continuous Integration is now powered by GitHub Actions. (#143)

• --load-extension option for sqlite-utils query for loading SQLite extensions. (#134)
• New sqlite_utils.utils.find_spatialite() function for finding SpatiaLite in common locations. (#135)

• Now available as a sdist package on PyPI in addition to a wheel. (#133)

• New db.enable_wal() and db.disable_wal() methods for enabling and disabling Write-Ahead Logging for a database file - see WAL mode in the Python API documentation.
• Also sqlite-utils enable-wal file.db and sqlite-utils disable-wal file.db commands for doing the same thing on the command-line, see WAL mode (CLI). (#132)

• Documentation improvements

• The insert-files command can now read from standard input: cat dog.jpg | sqlite-utils insert-files dogs.db pics - --name=dog.jpg. (#127)
• You can now specify a full-text search tokenizer using the new tokenize= parameter to enable_fts(). This means you can enable Porter stemming on a table by running db["articles"].enable_fts(["headline", "body"], tokenize="porter"). (#130)
• You can also set a custom tokenizer using the sqlite-utils enable-fts CLI command, via the new --tokenize option.

• memoryview and uuid.UUID objects are now supported. memoryview objects will be stored using BLOB and uuid.UUID objects will be stored using TEXT. (#128)

The theme of this release is better tools for working with binary data. The new insert-files command can be used to insert binary files directly into a database table, and other commands have been improved with better support for BLOB columns.

• sqlite-utils insert-files my.db gifs *.gif can now insert the contents of files into a specified table. The columns in the table can be customized to include different pieces of metadata derived from the files. See Inserting binary data from files. (#122)
• --raw option to sqlite-utils query - for outputting just a single raw column value - see Returning raw data from a query, such as binary content. (#123)
• JSON output now encodes BLOB values as special base64 obects - see Running queries and returning JSON. (#125)
• The same format of JSON base64 objects can now be used to insert binary data - see Inserting JSON data. (#126)
• The sqlite-utils query command can now accept named parameters, e.g. sqlite-utils :memory: "select :num * :num2" -p num 5 -p num2 6 - see Running queries and returning JSON. (#124)

• New --truncate option to sqlite-utils insert, and truncate=True argument to .insert_all(). Thanks, Thomas Sibley. (#118)
• The sqlite-utils query command now runs updates in a transaction. Thanks, Thomas Sibley. (#120)

• Added documentation for the table.pks introspection property. #116

• The sqlite-utils command now supports UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE in addition to SELECT. #115

• Added custom project links to the PyPI listing.

• New sqlite-utils drop-table command, see Dropping tables. (#111)
• New sqlite-utils drop-view command, see Dropping views.
• Python decimal.Decimal objects are now stored as FLOAT. (#110)

• New sqlite-utils create-table command, see Creating tables. (#27)
• New sqlite-utils create-view command, see Creating views. (#107)

• db.create_view(...) now has additional parameters ignore=True or replace=True, see Creating views. (#106)

• New sqlite-utils views my.db command for listing views in a database, see Listing views. (#105)
• sqlite-utils tables (and views) has a new --schema option which outputs the table/view schema, see Listing tables. (#104)
• Nested structures containing invalid JSON values (e.g. Python bytestrings) are now serialized using repr() instead of throwing an error. (#102)

• New columns= argument for the .insert(), .insert_all(), .upsert() and .upsert_all() methods, for over-riding the auto-detected types for columns and specifying additional columns that should be added when the table is created. See Custom column order and column types. (#100)

• New table.rows_where(..., order_by="age desc") argument, see Listing rows. (#76)

• Panda’s Timestamp is now stored as a SQLite TEXT column. Thanks, b0b5h4rp13! (#96)
• table.last_pk is now only available for inserts or upserts of a single record. (#98)
• New Database(filepath, recreate=True) parameter for deleting and recreating the database. (#97)

• Fixed bug where columns with only null values were not correctly created. (#95)

• Column type suggestion code is no longer confused by null values. (#94)

• table.column_dicts now works with all column types - previously it would throw errors on types other than TEXT, BLOB, INTEGER or FLOAT. (#92)
• Documentation for NotFoundError thrown by table.get(pk) - see Retrieving a specific record.

• table.enable_fts() now works with columns that contain spaces. (#90)

• table.disable_fts() can now be used to remove FTS tables and triggers that were created using table.enable_fts(...). (#88)
• The sqlite-utils disable-fts command can be used to remove FTS tables and triggers from the command-line. (#88)
• Trying to create table columns with square braces ([ or ]) in the name now raises an error. (#86)
• Subclasses of dict, list and tuple are now detected as needing a JSON column. (#87)

table.create_index() now works for columns that contain spaces. (#85)

table.exists() is now a method, not a property. This was not a documented part of the API before so I’m considering this a non-breaking change. (#83)

Fixed a bug where .upsert(..., hash_id="pk") threw an error (#84).

New feature: sqlite_utils.suggest_column_types([records]) returns the suggested column types for a list of records. See Suggesting column types. (#81).

This replaces the undocumented table.detect_column_types() method.

New feature: conversions={...} can be passed to the .insert() family of functions to specify SQL conversions that should be applied to values that are being inserted or updated. See Converting column values using SQL functions. (#77).

The .upsert() and .upsert_all() methods now raise a sqlite_utils.db.PrimaryKeyRequired exception if you call them without specifying the primary key column using pk= (#73).

This release changes the behaviour of upsert. It’s a breaking change, hence 2.0.

The upsert command-line utility and the .upsert() and .upsert_all() Python API methods have had their behaviour altered. They used to completely replace the affected records: now, they update the specified values on existing records but leave other columns unaffected.

See Upserting data using the Python API and Upserting data using the CLI for full details.

If you want the old behaviour - where records were completely replaced - you can use $ sqlite-utils insert ... --replace on the command-line and .insert(..., replace=True) and .insert_all(..., replace=True) in the Python API. See Insert-replacing data using the Python API and Insert-replacing data using the CLI for more.

For full background on this change, see issue #66.

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html#v1-12-1

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html#v1-12

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/stable/changelog.html#v1-11

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/stable/changelog.html#v1-10

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/stable/changelog.html#v1-9

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/stable/changelog.html#v1-8

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html#v1-7-1

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html#v1-7

• sqlite-utils insert can now accept TSV data via the new --tsv option (#41)

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html#v1-3

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html#v1-2-2

https://sqlite-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html#v1-2-1